PRAYING MANTIS || THE NEXT MASTER

PRAYING MANTIS

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They have triangular heads with bulging eyes based on flexible necks. Their long bodies may or may not have wings, but all Mantodea have large front legs and are accustomed to catching and catching prey; its upright posture, while still standing with folded arms, has led to the common term praying mantis.

Close relatives of the mantis are termite and cockroaches (Blattodea), all within Superorder Dictyoptera. Mantises are sometimes confused with Phasmatodea, other tall insects such as locusts (Orthoptera), or other unrelated insects with raptorial front legs such as flies (Mantispidae). Mantis are usually predators, but a few species of land mammals are found chasing their prey. They usually stay for about a year. In cooler climates, adults lay their eggs in the fall, then die. Eggs are protected by their strong pills and hatched in the spring. Women sometimes commit sexual cannibalism, devouring their mates after giving birth.

Mantises were considered supernatural by the early civilizations, including ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt, and Assyria. A popular cultural trope in cartoons thinks that the female mantis is the femme fatale. Mantis are among the most commonly kept insects as pets.

There are more than 2,400 species of mantis in a generation of about 430. They are mainly found in tropical areas, but some live in cooler climates. The mantis system has long been debated. Mantis, as well as insects called (Phasmatodea), were once classified as Orthoptera and cockroaches (now Blattodea) and ice crawlers (now Grylloblattodea). Kristensen (1991) combined Mantodea with cockroaches and termites in the order Dictyoptera, suborder Mantodea. The word mantodea is derived from the ancient Greek word μάντις (mantis) meaning "prophet", and εἶδος (eidos) meaning "form" or "type". It was invented in 1838 by the German entomologist Hermann Burmeister. This command is sometimes called the mantes, using the Latin plural Greek mantra. The term mantid refers only to members of the Mantidae family, who were the only members of the family in succession. Another common name, the praying mantis, which is applied to any of the animal species in its sequence (though in Europe especially in Mantis religiosa), comes from the common form of "prayer" with the forelegs folded. The majority of the vernacular "mantises" (used in this article) were heavily restricted in the US, and "mantids" were widely used in the UK and elsewhere, until the Mantidae family was split again in 2002.

Mantle on a wall

One of the first stages in separating the Mantidae into a whole family was the one proposed by Beier in 1968, recognizing eight families, although it did not end when Ehrmann was reorganized into 15 families in 2002 when multi-family segregation was adopted worldwide. Klass, in 1997, studied the external genitalia and established that the families Chaeteessidae and Metallyticidae separated from other families early. However, as previously noted, Mantidae and Thesidaida were mainly considered polyphyletic, so Mantodea has been extensively revised since 2019 and now includes 29 families.

Mantises have large, triangular heads with beak-like noses and mandibles. It has two blue eyes, three small light eyes, and two horns. Neck exposure is also significantly variable; some species of mantis can rotate their heads about 180 °. Mantis thorax contains prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. In all species of animals except the Mantoida species, the prothorax, which holds the head and forelegs, is much longer than the other two thoracic organs. The prothorax is also described in a flexible manner, which allows for wide movement of the head and forearms while the rest of the body remains motionless. Mantises are also different from Dictyoptera in that they have a tympanate hearing, they have two tympans in the hearing chamber in their metathorax. Many mantises are only sensitive to ultrasound.

Mantises have spiked, flexible front legs ("raptorial legs") where hunting animals are caught and kept safely. In many insect legs, including the mantis' four hind legs, the coxa and trochanter attach as an invisible base to the leg; in raptorial legs, however, the coxa and trochanter combine to form a part as long as the femur, which is the nail-shaped part of the gripping tools (see figure). Found under the femur is a collection of discoidal spines, usually four in number, but from no more than five depending on the type. These lines are preceded by a series of tooth-shaped tubercles, which, together with the same series of tubercles near the tibia and apical claw near its head, give the mantis' forelegs its grip on its body. The front leg ends in a soft tarsus used as a moving appendage, made up of four or five pieces and ends with a two-toothed arolium-free toe.

Mantises can be classified as large (long-winged), brachypterous (short-winged), micropterous (vestigial-winged), or apterous (winged). When it has no wings, the mantis has two types of wings: the outer wings, or tegmina, are usually thick and leathery. They act as a concealer and as a shield for the rear wings, clear and soft. The abdomen of every mantis contains 10 tergitates, with a corresponding set of nine sternites visible to males and seven visible to females. The abdomen is usually smaller in males than in females, but ends up with a pair of cerci on both sexes.

Mantis has a stereo view. They get their spoil by sight; their combined eyes contain up to 10,000 ommatidia. A small area previously called fovea has the largest visual depth, and can produce the high clarity needed to detect a potential victim. Peripheral ommatidia is related to visual acuity; when a moving object appears, the head quickly turns to bring the object to a visible point of fovea. Continuous deer movement is followed by the mantis' head movement to keep the image focused on fovea. The eyes have wide openings and are set aside, providing a wide range of button view and an accurate stereoscopic view at close range. A dark spot on each moving eye as it wraps around its head pseudopupil. This is because the ommatidia viewed with a “upside down” draws the light of the event, while those on the sidelines reflect it.

Since their hunting is highly dependent on theory, mantises are primarily diurnal. Many species, however, fly at night, and may be attracted to artificial lights. The mantis in the family Liturgusidae collected at night have been shown to be very male; this is probably true of many mantis. Night flight is very important for men in finding women who can slow down by getting their pheromones. Flying at night produces mantises in a few predatory birds than in the night flight. Many mantises have a sensitive thorax organ that helps them avoid bats by detecting their echolocation calls and responding with avoidance.

Mantis are animals that eat arthropods. Most mantis are predators that eat only live deer as far as they can. They can hide and remain upright, waiting for their prey to approach, or they may slow down their prey in a slow, subtle way. Sometimes large mantis eat small people according to their species, as well as small invertebrates such as lizards, frogs, fish, and especially small birds. 

Mantis with sharp pointy arms

Many mantises trap the lame deer when they get lost close enough, and they will move forward when they are especially hungry. Once reached, the mantis strikes quickly to catch its prey with its forelegs with its nails. Some types of soil and bark are actively pursuing their prey. For example, members of a small generation such as the low-lying mantis, Entella, Ligaria, and Ligariella, run to dry land in search of prey, as do tiger beetles.

The intestines of certain species of animals increase the length of the insect and can be used to preserve the prey for digestion. This may be of benefit to the occasional insect. Chinese mantises live longer, grow faster, and produce more offspring when they are able to eat pollen.

Mantises are eaten by invertebrates such as frogs, lizards, and birds, as well as invertebrates such as spiders, large humanoid species, and ants. Some hunting wasps, like other species of Tachytes, also cripple other species of mantis to feed on their young. In general, mantises protect themselves by hiding, many species of animals have a hidden color to resemble leaves or other backgrounds, both to avoid predators and to better trap their prey. Those living in areas of the same color as the bare ground or tree bark are spread out to eliminate shadows that may indicate their presence. Different family species called flower mantises are aggressive characters: they resemble flowers in a convincing way to attract prey that will collect pollen and nectar. Some species in Africa and Australia are able to turn black after molt towards the end of the dry season; At this time of year, forest fires are emerging and this color enables them to interact with fire melanism.

When threatened directly, many species of mantis stand tall and open their forelegs, their wings wide open. The fluttering wings make the mantis look bigger and more threatening, with some species enhancing this effect with bright colors and patterns on their hind wings and the inside of their forelegs. If the abuse continues, the mantis may strike with its forelegs and try to squeeze or bite. As part of the threatening manifestation of bluffing (deimatic), some species may also make a loud noise by expelling air from the abdominal spiracles. Mantis cannot be chemically protected, so their signals are not clearly visible. When flying at night, at least some mantis can detect the noisy sounds produced by bats; when the frequency begins to increase rapidly, it shows an approaching bat, stops flying upwards and begins a sharp decline towards land safety, which is usually preceded by an air loop or spin. If caught, they may cut off their captors with their piercing legs.

Mantis, like sticky insects, exhibits a repulsive behavior in which an insect makes a rhythmic, repetitive, orientation. Proposed activities of this behavior include the development of crypsis similar to airborne plants. However, repetitive movements may be very important in allowing insects to separate objects from the background by their related movements, a common visual approach for animals with simple visual systems. The motionless movement of these often immobile insects may replace flying or running as a source of objects related to objects in the viewing area As ants may be mantis, a generation such as Loxomantis, Orthodera, and Ststa, like many other arthropods, avoid attacking them. . Using this behavior, a variety of arthropods, including the original mantis, mimic ants to avoid predators.

The mating season usually cools in the fall, and in the tropics, mating can occur at any time of the year. To mate after mating, the male usually jumps on the female's back, holding her chest and wing bases with her forelegs. He then bends his abdomen to place and store sperm in a special chamber near the top of the woman's abdomen. The female lays between 10 and 400 eggs, depending on the species. Eggs are usually placed in a froth mass-produced by glands in the stomach. This foam hardens, forming a protective capsule, which, along with the egg yolk, is called ootheca. Depending on the species, ootheca can be attached to a flat surface, wrapped around the plant, or placed in the ground. Despite the flexibility and toughness of eggs, they are often eaten, especially several species of parasitoid wasps. Of the few species of animals, especially mammals and mammals in the Tarachodidae family, the mother guards the eggs. The cryptic tarachodes maurus lays on the bark and its stomach closes its egg capsule, lurking for a passing deer and moving slowly until the eggs hatch. The standard breeding strategy was adopted by Brunner the mantis of the southern United States; no males have ever been found in this species, and the females breed parthenogenetically. The ability to reproduce by parthenogenesis is recorded in at least two other species of animals, Sphodromantis viridis and Miomantis sp., Although these species are usually sexually reproductive. In cooler conditions, adults do not survive the winter and the eggs suffer from diapause, hatching in the spring.

As with the insect groups closely related to Superorder Dictyoptera, mantises go through three stages of life: the egg, the nymph, and the adult (mantis are among the hemimetabolous insects). In young species, eggs may hatch in 3-4 weeks as opposed to 4-6 weeks in larger species. Nymphs may be a different color than the older one, and the early stages often mimic ants. The mantis nymph grows as large as its molt exoskeleton. Molting can occur five to 10 times before it reaches the adult stage, depending on the species. After the last molt, most species of animals have wings, although some species remain wingless or brachypterous ("short-winged"), especially in the female sex. The life span of a mantis depends on the species; the smaller ones can live 4-8 weeks, while the larger ones can live 4-6 months.

Sexual cannibalism is common among many species that eat some of the confined mantis. It has sometimes been observed in native humans, with about a quarter of the male and female genital mutilation resulting in males being eaten by females. About 90% of the species that eat some of the mantis show sexuality. Older men usually outnumber women at first, but their numbers may be later in the adult category, probably because women tend to prefer younger men. In Tenodera sinensis, 83% of men flee from cannibalism after sexual intercourse with a woman, but as sexual intercourse often occurs, the chances of a male being eaten are increasing.

The female may begin to feed by biting the male's head (as they do with normal deer), and once the mating has begun, the male's movements may intensify in his ejaculation. Early researchers thought that because intercourse was controlled by a gang in the abdomen, not the head, the removal of the male head was a female reproductive strategy to improve fertility while receiving food. Later, this behavior appeared to be an artifact of inadequate laboratory monitoring. Whether the behavior is natural in the field or the result of the distraction caused by the observer remains a matter of debate. Mantis are highly visible organisms and detect any disruption in the laboratory or field, such as flashing lights or moving scientists. Chinese lizards that ate ad libitum (so as not to starve) actually showed detailed dating behavior when left unchecked. The male involves the female in a dance, in order to shift her interest from feeding to childbirth. Under such circumstances, the female was known to respond by displaying self-defense by flashing the pigmented spots inside her forelegs.

Debate over sexual exploitation; studies show that women who eat junk food are more likely to engage in sexual activity than those who eat healthy foods. Some think that humble men will benefit from having children; this is supported by a modest increase in the reproductive time between males, in some cases doubling the length and chance of giving birth. This is compared to a study in which men appeared to approach hungry women with greater caution, and were shown to be constantly riding hungry women for longer periods, indicating that men who zealously avoided cannibalism may encounter more women. A similar study also found that hungry women often attract fewer men than saturated men. The act of falling after intercourse is dangerous for men, because it is a time when women often eat their partners. The increase in the length of time seems to indicate that men are waiting for the right time to bring down the hungry female, who may be eating her mate. Studies have shown that the level of gender in the area determines the male behavior of the copying Mantis religiosa that also affects the tendency of female genital mutilation and supports the idea of ​​sperm competition because polyandrous treatments record higher mating time and much lower cannibalism. This also suggests that female genital mutilation may expose males to the danger of cannibalism.